Universal motor:Definition, Structure, Commutation, characteristics

In most cases,universal motor, also known as Single-phase series motor, are known for their common principle of excitation windings and armature windings, so what is the deeper relationship between them from the surface to the essence, you are welcome to discuss with BG Motor.

• Definition of universal motor

• The structure of universal motor

• Commutation process

• Performance characteristics

Definition of universal motor

A universal motor is a small motor that can operate on both direct current and alternating current power sources, and is widely used in household appliances and portable tools. This motor is characterized by simple structure, high starting torque, and high speed, and is suitable for scenarios with large load changes.

Single-phase series motors are called universal motors because of their ability to operate on both AC and DC power, making them "general-purpose" motors.

The structure of universal motor

It is mainly composed of stator, rotor, commutator, brush, etc. The stator generates a magnetic field, and the rotor rotates in the magnetic field, and the commutation of the current is realized by the commutator and brush, thus maintaining the continuous rotation of the rotor.

Commutation process

• When the motor is energized, the magnetic field generated by the stator winding interacts with the current in the rotor winding to generate torque and drive the rotor to rotate.

• During the rotation process, the commutator constantly changes the current direction to ensure that the rotor continues to rotate.

• Through the interaction between the magnetic field and the current, the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy to drive the external equipment to work.

Performance characteristics

• Simple and compact structure: The structure of single-phase series motor is relatively simple, there is no complex control system, and it is easy to maintain.

• High starting torque: Due to the characteristics of the series motor, it can generate large torque when starting, which is very suitable for application scenarios that require high starting load.

• Wide range of speed regulation: The speed of the single-phase series motor can be adjusted in a wide range by changing the power supply voltage

• Low cost: Compared with other types of motors, the manufacturing cost of single-phase series motor is low, which is suitable for large-scale production and application.

And it is mainly used in household and industrial application scenarios such as vacuum cleaners, juicers, coffee machines, electric drills, and chainsaws.